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Offer in Compromise (OIC)

IRS Offer in Compromise

An Offer in Compromise (OIC) is an agreement between a taxpayer and the IRS to settle a tax liability for less than the full amount owed. The IRS may accept an OIC when it represents the most the agency can expect to collect within a reasonable period.

Authority: IRC § 7122, IRM 5.8.1. All OIC determinations are subject to IRS review and discretionary approval based on financial condition, compliance status, and case-specific factors.

What is an Offer in Compromise?

An OIC allows a taxpayer to propose a settlement amount to resolve their tax debt. If accepted, the taxpayer pays the agreed amount and the remaining balance is forgiven. The IRS evaluates whether the offer represents the maximum they could reasonably collect.

  • Form 656: The official OIC application form filed with supporting financial documentation
  • Application fee: $205 (waived for taxpayers who qualify as low-income)
  • Collection pause: Filing an OIC suspends collection activity during the review period
  • CSED impact: Suspends the collection statute during review and for 30 days after rejection

Three Grounds for OIC Acceptance

The IRS may accept an OIC on one of three grounds:

1. Doubt as to Collectibility

The taxpayer cannot pay the full liability before the Collection Statute Expiration Date (CSED) expires. This is the most common basis for OIC acceptance. The IRS calculates Reasonable Collection Potential (RCP) and compares it to the total debt.

2. Doubt as to Liability

The taxpayer disputes the correctness of the underlying tax assessment. This ground requires evidence that the assessed tax is incorrect due to IRS error, missing documentation, or legal interpretation.

3. Effective Tax Administration (ETA)

Collection of the full amount would create economic hardship or would be unfair and inequitable despite the taxpayer's ability to pay. This is a discretionary ground based on exceptional circumstances.

How the IRS Calculates Your Offer

The IRS uses a formula called Reasonable Collection Potential (RCP) to determine the minimum acceptable offer:

RCP = Quick Sale Value of Assets + Future Income

  • Quick Sale Value: Assets × 0.80 (80% of fair market value)
  • Future Income (Lump Sum): Monthly Disposable Income × 12 months
  • Future Income (Periodic): Monthly Disposable Income × 24 months
  • Monthly Disposable Income: Gross Income − IRS Allowed Expenses

Lump Sum Offer

20% of offer amount due with application. Future income calculated over 12 months.

Periodic Payment Offer

Offer amount paid over 6-24 months. Future income calculated over 24 months.

Eligibility Requirements

The IRS has specific requirements that must be met before an OIC will be considered:

  • All required tax returns must be filed
  • Taxpayer must not be in open bankruptcy proceedings
  • Must be compliant with current tax obligations (estimated payments, withholding)
  • Offer must reflect reasonable collection potential
  • Application fee: $205 (waived for certified low-income taxpayers)

IRS Discretion:All OIC determinations are subject to IRS review and discretionary approval. Meeting the eligibility requirements does not guarantee acceptance. The IRS evaluates each case based on the taxpayer's complete financial picture and compliance history.

What to Do Now

  1. 1

    Calculate Your RCP

    Estimate your quick sale value of assets plus 12 or 24 months of disposable income to see if an OIC might be viable for your situation.

  2. 2

    File All Required Returns

    The IRS will not consider an OIC if you have unfiled returns. Get current on all filings before applying.

  3. 3

    Consider the CSED Tradeoff

    Filing an OIC tolls (suspends) the collection statute. If your debt is close to expiring, an OIC may extend the IRS's ability to collect.

  4. 4

    Request a Collection Hold

    If you're facing active collection, request a hold while you evaluate whether an OIC is the right option for your situation.

Need Immediate Help?

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Request a Hold Now

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Call (310) 598-3759

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